{"id":8259,"date":"2025-06-09T13:10:30","date_gmt":"2025-06-09T11:10:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.deesonosehabla.com\/?page_id=8259"},"modified":"2025-06-09T13:21:02","modified_gmt":"2025-06-09T11:21:02","slug":"transcript-she-had-my-name-episode-4-the-echo","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.deesonosehabla.com\/en\/season-3\/transcript-she-had-my-name-episode-4-the-echo\/","title":{"rendered":"Transcript &#8220;She Had My Name. Episode 4: The Echo&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=&#8221;full_width_background&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;80px&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image=&#8221;7220&#8243; bg_position=&#8221;center top&#8221; background_image_loading=&#8221;lazy-load&#8221; bg_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; top_padding=&#8221;2%&#8221; constrain_group_1=&#8221;yes&#8221; bottom_padding=&#8221;2%&#8221; constrain_group_2=&#8221;yes&#8221; top_padding_phone=&#8221;60&#8243; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; enable_gradient=&#8221;true&#8221; color_overlay=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; color_overlay_2=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; advanced_gradient_angle=&#8221;0&#8243; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.8&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;top_to_bottom&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; gradient_type=&#8221;default&#8221; shape_type=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_position=&#8221;relative&#8221; advanced_gradient_angle=&#8221;180&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; gradient_type=&#8221;advanced&#8221; advanced_gradient_display_type=&#8221;linear&#8221; column_padding_type=&#8221;default&#8221;][vc_row_inner column_margin=&#8221;none&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_position=&#8221;default&#8221; row_position_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; row_position_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; pointer_events=&#8221;all&#8221;][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; advanced_gradient_angle=&#8221;0&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; enable_animation=&#8221;true&#8221; animation=&#8221;fade-in-from-left&#8221; mobile_disable_entrance_animation=&#8221;true&#8221; animation_easing=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; gradient_type=&#8221;default&#8221; column_padding_type=&#8221;default&#8221;][nectar_responsive_text inherited_font_style=&#8221;h3&#8243; text_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; font_size_desktop=&#8221;60&#8243; font_size_tablet=&#8221;50&#8243; font_size_phone=&#8221;50&#8243; font_line_height=&#8221;1&#8243;]\n<h4>She Had My Name. Episode 4: The Echo<\/h4>\n[\/nectar_responsive_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][divider line_type=&#8221;Full Width Line&#8221; line_thickness=&#8221;1&#8243; divider_color=&#8221;extra-color-1&#8243; divider_opacity=&#8221;41&#8243; animate=&#8221;yes&#8221;][vc_row_inner column_margin=&#8221;none&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; top_padding=&#8221;30px&#8221; bottom_padding=&#8221;50px&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_position=&#8221;default&#8221; row_position_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; row_position_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; pointer_events=&#8221;all&#8221;][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; advanced_gradient_angle=&#8221;0&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; enable_animation=&#8221;true&#8221; animation=&#8221;fade-in-from-bottom&#8221; mobile_disable_entrance_animation=&#8221;true&#8221; animation_easing=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; gradient_type=&#8221;default&#8221; column_padding_type=&#8221;default&#8221;][vc_raw_html css=&#8221;&#8221;]JTVCcG9kY2FzdF9lcGlzb2RlJTIwZXBpc29kZSUzRCUyMjgxNjUlMjIlMjBjb250ZW50JTNEJTIycGxheWVyJTIyJTVE[\/vc_raw_html][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner column_margin=&#8221;none&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; bottom_padding=&#8221;40px&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_position=&#8221;default&#8221; row_position_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; row_position_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; pointer_events=&#8221;all&#8221;][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; advanced_gradient_angle=&#8221;0&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; enable_animation=&#8221;true&#8221; animation=&#8221;fade-in-from-bottom&#8221; mobile_disable_entrance_animation=&#8221;true&#8221; animation_easing=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; gradient_type=&#8221;default&#8221; column_padding_type=&#8221;default&#8221;][nectar_responsive_text inherited_font_style=&#8221;h4&#8243; text_direction=&#8221;default&#8221;]\n<h4>Transcript<\/h4>\n[\/nectar_responsive_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner column_margin=&#8221;40px&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_position=&#8221;default&#8221; row_position_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; row_position_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; pointer_events=&#8221;all&#8221;][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;40px&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; advanced_gradient_angle=&#8221;0&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; gradient_type=&#8221;default&#8221; column_padding_type=&#8221;default&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221; text_direction=&#8221;default&#8221;]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I don\u2019t know if you\u2019ve ever been inside a newspaper newsroom. Maybe it\u2019s not very different from your workplace at city hall: there are rows of desks, computers side by side, and many journalists staring at their screens. Those who have been in this for a long time say that in the past, newsrooms had more table-to-table conversations, more collaboration, and you could literally hear it \u2014 there was more noise. One thing that hasn\u2019t changed in newsrooms is that there are always lots and lots of books. There\u2019s always a shelf or a table where newly arrived books are left so anyone can take them if they want. One of the first places where publishers send their books is, precisely, a newsroom. Sometimes books stay on those shelves for days, weeks, even months without anyone reading them. Other times, some books get lucky and are read really quickly. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vidas rotas [Broken lives]<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> was one of those books.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>[Music]<\/b><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vidas rotas<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is a huge book. I have it in my hands now; it has over 1,000 pages, and it tells the stories of each victim of ETA. It was published by the Foundation of Victims of Terrorism, written by three well-known authors in this field, and even today it\u2019s a key reference for learning about the victims\u2019 lives, from the first to the last. Literally. And the first one, the one that opens that list, is your sister.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The book was published in 2010, and very quickly reviews appeared in various media outlets. Ten years had passed since the assassination of Ernest Lluch, and the idea that your sister had been ETA\u2019s first victim had somewhat fallen into oblivion. The tribute in Lasarte was being organized at that very moment, but it hadn\u2019t happened yet \u2014 there were still a couple of weeks until your mother would receive that recognition, which did her a lot of good. So reading in such an important book that a little girl had been ETA\u2019s first victim caught the attention of several journalists. Especially one:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Duva<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: And then I read the book and said, \u201cWell, there\u2019s something here about a little girl I had no idea about, this girl who died from a bomb at the San Sebasti\u00e1n station and so on\u2026\u201d And so I got to work.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Not long after, a feature story appeared in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El Pa\u00eds<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that would change many things.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>[Music]<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Welcome, Bego, and welcome to <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">She Had My Name<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. A documentary series about a family\u2019s silence over the years and the noise that broke it.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>[Theme music]<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A series by (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">De eso no se habla)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, co-produced with EITB Media and supported by the Ministry of Culture.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And this is episode 4: <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Echo<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Duva<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Well, I published this about the first, presumed first victim of ETA, the little girl Bego\u00f1a Urroz.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Isabel<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Why did you say presumed? You said the first, the presumed first victim of ETA&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Duva<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Well, I always say presumed because when I\u2019m not 120% sure of something, I call it presumed. In fact, I always jokingly say my presumed father, because I know for sure who my mother was, but my father&#8230; They told me that man who lived in my house was my father, but they never proved it to me.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>[Theme music]<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jes\u00fas Duva was a journalist at <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El Pa\u00eds<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in 2010.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Duva<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: And I am, because you die a journalist, right? I worked as a journalist for 43 years.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I met him in the lobby of a hotel in Madrid.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Duva<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Let\u2019s get to this because otherwise&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He told me that as soon as he read your sister\u2019s story in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vidas rotas<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, he started trying to locate you.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Duva<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: I don\u2019t know how it was&#8230; Maybe with something as simple as the phone book, which I\u2019ve always used.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He thinks the person who answered the phone was your brother, Jon.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Duva<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: He was surprised that after so much time, no one, no one had ever been interested in them&#8230; Suddenly, a crazy journalist from Madrid called them because he wanted to talk about what happened many years before and about the death of their sister Bego\u00f1a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Of all the things someone can tell those of us who tell stories, that \u201cNo one had ever been interested in this before\u201d is maybe what makes us think the story is right there. And Jes\u00fas Duva, of course, felt the same. Not long after that call, he showed up in Lasarte, at your mother\u2019s house. Your father had died two years earlier, so he was received by your mother, your brother, and you.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Duva<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: His sister, if I remember correctly, is also named Bego\u00f1a, which surprised me. I said, \u201cWow, how strange, having lost a girl named Bego\u00f1a, the parents named another girl the same name.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since that call from Ernest Lluch, since that shared phone call with Ixabel, it was the first time anyone outside of Lasarte had shown interest in your story. You spent hours talking.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Duva<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Very well. Very cordial and&#8230; I remember they called a neighbor. And she had also heard something about ETA and such.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That neighbor was Ixabel, the owner of the kitchen where Bizikidetza meetings were held.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A few days earlier, the Lasarte town hall had asked if you wanted to participate in the tribute. And suddenly, there comes \u201ca crazy journalist from Madrid,\u201d as he says. As if everyone had agreed to recognize your sister right at that moment: in 2010, the year marking the 50th anniversary of her death.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>[Music]<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Duva returned to Madrid happy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Duva<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Very happy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He knew he had a great story in his hands.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Duva<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u201cI think we have the lead story for this Sunday. The main theme is going to be this, man. This is a great, unknown story. I got the family to talk to me. We have photos&#8230;\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And he wasn\u2019t wrong: his report was published in the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Domingo<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> supplement, a central booklet in the newspaper where big reports were published, stories you took the time to read. And of course, you have that report saved in your folder.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Bego<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Look, this is the first&#8230; This is the first news story that came out. Look, January 31, 2010.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Your sister\u2019s story appeared on the front page.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Bego<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: You see, the front page is a photo of my sister&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The little girl with the angora sweater you showed me the first time we talked. Below, the headline.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Bego<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u201cThe first victim of ETA.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And then this lead paragraph:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Bego<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u201cOn June 27, 1960, a bomb exploded at the Amara station in San Sebasti\u00e1n. Bego\u00f1a Urroz Ibarrola, 22 months old, died burned. For decades, the authorship of the attack remained in darkness. Now, 50 years later, the family breaks their silence and speaks to El Pa\u00eds.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Isabel<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The headline was \u201cThe first victim of ETA.\u201d How&#8230; Did you have any doubts? Was there any doubt about how to title it?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Duva<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Yes, yes, we had doubts. We had doubts about how to title something as definitive as \u201cThe first victim of ETA.\u201d But obviously, with everything I had obtained and such, everything pointed to her being ETA\u2019s first victim. With whatever reservations you want, but obviously you couldn\u2019t expect an official statement from ETA.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And lacking an official declaration, Duva tried to verify authorship by other means: he had the sources cited in Vidas rotas&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Duva<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The vicar Pagola, Lluch, this and that&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8230; what you had told him at home and what he was told when he went to ask around the town&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Duva<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: And well, everyone said it seemed, seemed that the bomb, the one that killed little Bego\u00f1a, seemed to be ETA\u2019s.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And he told me he even talked with the Gipuzkoa police.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Duva<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: No, the truth is they didn\u2019t say \u201cjump in the pool, it\u2019s 100% ETA,\u201d but they said \u201cWho else could it be?\u201d and such&#8230; \u201cEverything points to it\u201d&#8230; \u201cBut well, they didn\u2019t claim it.\u201d \u201cWell, that doesn\u2019t mean anything\u201d&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And after those checks, Duva thought ETA\u2019s authorship was, above all, coherent.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Duva<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: I mean, well, yes, it\u2019s coherent. That they never wanted to claim it? Yes, because it\u2019s definitely not an action to be proud of, let\u2019s say.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I asked him if today, knowing that it wasn\u2019t ETA that killed your sister, would he have done anything differently.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Duva<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Ah, no, no, I would write that report the same way after all these years under those circumstances, and I stand by what I said. And that\u2019s what journalism demands and&#8230; Jurisprudence says, that when you do due and sufficient diligence to verify something, even if later it turns out you were wrong, you cannot be condemned for falsehood, because you did everything in your power to confirm it. And honestly, I did everything I could.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Isabel<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Wouldn\u2019t you have added \u201callegedly\u201d?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Duva<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Maybe, yes, yes, why not? I\u2019ve never skimped on \u201callegedly.\u201d Yes, yes, why not? Yes. El Pa\u00eds or anyone else would never have titled \u201cThe alleged first victim of ETA.\u201d Because, I mean&#8230; A lot of time has passed, but I tell you, I have always doubted and still doubt even about my own father, so&#8230; If they put you between a rock and a hard place and ask you \u201cIs she or isn\u2019t she the first victim of ETA?\u201d Well&#8230; As far as we know, yes. But I don\u2019t know, the absolute truth only God knows if God exists. So&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Isabel<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Allegedly.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Duva<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Allegedly.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Duva\u2019s report had a huge impact.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Duva<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Politicians, people very aware of terrorism, fellow journalists and such&#8230; Everyone told me \u201cWow, what an interesting and beautiful story&#8221;&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And your family liked it a lot too. You yourself have told me several times and I\u2019ve seen the affection with which you keep that report, so many years later: the first report that made you finally feel recognized.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Duva<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: They were very happy. They liked the approach, the presentation, everything. They didn\u2019t complain at all about the headline being \u201cThe first victim of ETA,\u201d not at all.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But very soon doubts started to appear.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Duva<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u201cHey, they say maybe it wasn\u2019t ETA, maybe it was ETA, maybe the DRIL, maybe I don\u2019t know who\u201d\u2026 \u201cGuys, honestly I\u2019ve gone as far as I could, I don\u2019t know.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Those doubts came from other media, but also from the newspaper itself.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Aizpeolea<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Well, when it was published, I saw him one day and said \u201cVery interesting, but well.\u201d But I said \u201cBut&#8230; I don\u2019t know. I mean&#8230; You\u2019ll know,\u201d more or less, right?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is Luis Aizpeolea, who is now retired but worked for many years in the National section of El Pa\u00eds. I spoke to him a lot, and you\u2019ll hear him several more times in this series. It turns out that for him, one of the people who knows the most about ETA, it was not confirmed that your sister was its first victim.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Aizpeolea<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: I had the idea that ETA\u2019s first murder was Pardines\u2019 in June 1968.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And other colleagues didn\u2019t have it confirmed either.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Aizpeolea<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Patxo Unzueta already died. He was an editorial writer at El Pa\u00eds. He knew a lot and had been in ETA\u2019s leadership in the late 60s. And he told me, he was so surprised&#8230; He told me no, it wasn\u2019t confirmed for him. But we didn\u2019t do anything.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I asked him why they didn\u2019t do anything, why they didn\u2019t notify the newspaper.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Aizpeolea<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: I also didn\u2019t dare without having the opposing argument. Also, it happens a bit with a colleague, right? When a colleague writes a piece and you have doubts, if you don\u2019t have clear arguments, you respect them, I mean&#8230; And besides, the newspaper gave it a lot of coverage. It was three pages, a Sunday&#8230; Anyway, it got coverage.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But for Aizpeolea, what happened with that report had to do with something beyond Duva, even beyond the newspaper itself:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Aizpeolea<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The question you ask yourself is \u201cWhy did a powerful colleague, like Jes\u00fas Duva, fall? Well, Jes\u00fas fell like everyone else. At that moment, of course, there was a whole climate, a climax around ETA. It was the time when all newspapers, TV stations, were talking about ETA all day. Just as now they talk about Pedro S\u00e1nchez, back then it was ETA all day. Obviously, in that climate it could only be ETA.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And soon articles started to appear on the topic in other media. Articles that mostly accepted the story of the girl as ETA\u2019s first victim. But some authors questioned that version. The first came two weeks after Duva\u2019s report and was published by historian I\u00f1aki Ega\u00f1a. Ega\u00f1a knew your sister\u2019s story well. After all, it had happened in his city.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Ega\u00f1a<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: I think in Donosti it was a very, very well-known story, but I don\u2019t know why it had been left out of all the narratives and had been abandoned by history, just a footnote&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In fact, as a historian, he didn\u2019t feel the need to write anything about your sister until 2010.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Ega\u00f1a<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: I think I was aware that a big fuss was being made when some major media outlets started to claim that ETA was responsible for an attack. And then I said \u201cWell, I have many elements of judgment and I can write an article pointing out what was a big lie, a big fabrication,\u201d right?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He titled his article: \u201cHow a lie is constructed.\u201d In it, he questioned the whole tradition that had started with Pagola\u2019s footnote, picked up by Lluch, and reaching the El Pa\u00eds report, passing through Vidas rotas, the book where Duva read your sister\u2019s story. And to question those sources, I\u00f1aki Ega\u00f1a based himself on several things.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Ega\u00f1a<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The first reason was that, from some of the work I had done, I interviewed the entire first generation of ETA, right? And well, I already knew everything they had done.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And among those people, no one had ever told him about the attack that killed your sister.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Besides that, Ega\u00f1a examined the sources and documents cited as proof of ETA\u2019s authorship, comparing them with other documents from the time of the attack&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Ega\u00f1a<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Well, the DRIL claims, the opposition newspapers then say&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And he concluded his article saying there was no document that proved ETA\u2019s authorship.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Ega\u00f1a<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Well, I have the impression that, since I wrote where I wrote and in the medium I wrote it, the easiest thing was to discredit me, right? They told me the medium was pro-ETA, that I was a conspiracy theorist, that I was a&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That medium, the medium where it was published, was Gara, a newspaper with an editorial line close to the Basque left-wing nationalist movement. But Gara was not the only outlet to question ETA\u2019s authorship version: doubts also came from other media linked to more traditional nationalism like Deia or Noticias de Gipuzkoa, and from a Vocento group newspaper like El Correo. A few months later, for example, historian Santiago de Pablo published another article in that newspaper, El Correo. It was titled \u201cThe First Victim of ETA?\u201d\u2014with question marks.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>De Pablo: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What I did was a bit of research, like historians do, trying to be serious and go to the sources.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">De Pablo started with the first source: the footnote by Vicar Pagola.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>De Pablo:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> And in that sense, frankly, it seemed to me, honestly, rather unserious, because it was more like \u201cit is said,\u201d \u201cthe family believes,\u201d \u201cthey may have the conviction\u201d\u2026 No, it didn\u2019t seem like a completely solid source.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He also analyzed the other sources on which Lluch had based his claims.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>De Pablo: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Of course, it seemed to me that those weren\u2019t solid sources.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And, like Ega\u00f1a, he looked for other types of sources he considered solid. But, beyond the sources, for De Pablo there was another fundamental aspect about that newly founded ETA.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>De Pablo: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The modus operandi of ETA at those early moments didn\u2019t really match the case of Bego\u00f1a Urroz, especially considering that on the same day other bombs had been planted in other places in Spain, so the whole puzzle simply didn\u2019t fit.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And with all that, he wrote his article, which ended like this:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>De Pablo<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Well, I said, \u201cIn summary, there is no reliable source that allows us to affirm, not even as a well-founded hypothesis, that ETA killed Bego\u00f1a Urroz, while some publications about DRIL seem to confirm their authorship.\u201d That was my conclusion.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Despite the strength of these articles, and others that were published, the version that your sister had been ETA\u2019s first victim kept repeating like an echo. I searched how many times your sister\u2019s name appeared in the press before and after the publication of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vidas Rotas<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and Duva\u2019s report. In 2000, after Lluch\u2019s article, it appeared 6 times total; between that year and 2008, it didn\u2019t appear more than a dozen times per year. And in 2010 it appeared 248 times. And since then, the frequency of publication hasn\u2019t decreased.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Bego<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Then the newspapers started calling us, wanting interviews\u2026 It was a bit chaotic, right? And then everyone wanted to tell our story, a historical duty, you know.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Many times you\u2019ve told me you felt very grateful that your sister\u2019s story finally came out of silence. But you also told me you weren\u2019t prepared for what came next.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Bego<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: I felt overwhelmed. It was like, \u201cUgh, why did we say anything, why did we say anything?\u201d Because suddenly you go from absolute silence to everyone wanting to know, everyone wanting to ask, everyone wanting\u2026 So I said, \u201cWell, until now\u2026 until now, where were you?\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Suddenly, your story had, in a way, stopped being just yours. This was a recurring topic with Juanlu and you in your kitchen.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Bego<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: I said, \u201cWe are not going to give any interviews,\u201d I remember one time they came, my mother must have said yes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Juanlu<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: They called from everywhere.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Bego<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: She must have said yes, and one day I go to my mother\u2019s house and I find cameras at the entrance. I say, \u201cWhat\u2019s this, what\u2019s this?\u201d \u201cYes, she said she wants to do it.\u201d I said, \u201cNo, my mother isn\u2019t going to do any interview. She\u2019s 80 years old.\u201d Then I remember we told my mother, \u201cDon\u2019t answer the phone and if they say anything about a TV station, tell them to wait for us.\u201d So that\u2019s it, they rope you in\u2026 Then they called from here. As soon as something came out in Diario Vasco, boom, you had\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>[Music]<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And maybe to take it back, to reclaim your story after giving a few more interviews, you decided not to speak anymore.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But despite your silence, your sister\u2019s story became more and more known\u2026 even reaching places you didn\u2019t imagine.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>[Congress Ambience]<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Bono<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Ladies and gentlemen, please take your seats\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is the Congress of Deputies. The date is March 11, 2010. The event, a tribute to the victims of the 11M attack.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Bono<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Today, March 11, we bring to the Congress floor the memory\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The President of Congress, Jos\u00e9 Bono, announced they had decided to commemorate every year the Day of the Victims of Terrorism.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Bono<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Any day would do, any day would do, because our calendar\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Any day would do, but they had to choose one.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Bono<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: On June 27, 1960, fifty years ago, ETA killed for the first time. Its victim was Bego\u00f1a Urroz. Everyone must know and nobody must ignore, neither in Spain nor abroad, that ETA\u2019s first victim was a 22-month-old girl.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>[Music]<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Between that announcement in Congress on March 11 and the celebration of the Day of Victims of Terrorism on June 27, three months passed. I\u2019ve thought a lot about those three months. Three months is a university term, a whole subject is taught in three months. Three months is the time pregnant women wait before announcing they are expecting. Three months is a long time.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I think a lot about those three months because I wonder if in that time, once it was public, no doubts arose. If nobody in the President\u2019s team at Congress read Ega\u00f1a\u2019s article, De Pablo\u2019s article, and the other articles warning of serious doubts about ETA\u2019s authorship. If nobody warned\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Aizpeolea<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Well, Bono might not have known, right? But some of us told him.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Luis Aizpeolea, a journalist from <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El Pa\u00eds<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, told me yes, he warned Bono himself.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Aizpeolea<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: It was in a meeting with journalists and at one point, on the side, I made the comment, right?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And he said that his colleague Patxo Unzueta sent him a letter.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Aizpeolea<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: I know he sent a letter putting in doubt the version that it had been ETA.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And he wasn\u2019t the only one.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Erkoreka<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Obviously, I was surprised when I realized that everyone was taking that data as unquestioned, right?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Josu Erkoreka was the spokesperson for the Basque Nationalist Party group in Congress that year 2010. He clearly remembers what he thought when he heard that your sister\u2019s date was going to be the Day of Victims of Terrorism.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Erkoreka<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: I was surprised because in Euskadi you don\u2019t need to be an expert in terrorism to know that\u2026 Well, many people who have researched these topics deny that this was ETA\u2019s first attack, right?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He told me he also warned people.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Erkoreka<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: I said, \u201cHey, if you really are thinking about choosing this date as the Day of Victims of Terrorism, you should check the information you have and document yourselves better.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I asked him whom exactly he warned.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Erkoreka<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Well, anyone who wanted to listen. Yeah, I said it in the Board of Spokespersons. I told President Bono too. And on every occasion when this was discussed or debated in hallways, in the seats, in, well, the thousand spaces parliamentarians have to debate among themselves, I expressed it.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Erkoreka<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: But, despite everything, the machine kept going.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Why did the machine keep going, if there had been warnings, if there were doubts? Why did Congress go ahead?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Txema<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Look. Either they did it very lightly and didn\u2019t bother to ask and so on\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Txema Urkijo, who worked in the Victims\u2019 Office of the Basque Government at that time and whom you will remember from previous episodes, has also thought a lot about this.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Txema<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Or they did it without consulting the then Interior Minister or, I don\u2019t know, maybe the minister didn\u2019t think about \u201cHey, let\u2019s make sure of this.\u201d I don\u2019t know.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Interior Ministry, of course. Because this was a decision by the Congress of Deputies and Congress is independent from the Government, but did the Government know? Did the Interior Ministry know that it wasn\u2019t so certain your sister was a victim of ETA?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Txema<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: But if the question is \u201cDid Interior know?\u201d Interior had to know. Of course they did. Interior had to know there were doubts at least. Interior had to know there were doubts. Yes. Definitely.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>[Music]<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At that time, the Interior Minister was Alfredo P\u00e9rez Rubalcaba. Rubalcaba died in 2019, so I thought the best person to ask about whether there were doubts in the Interior Ministry was his right hand on victims\u2019 issues, Jos\u00e9 Manuel Rodr\u00edguez Uribes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Uribes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The participant is recording this meeting.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rodr\u00edguez Uribes was Director General of Support to Victims of Terrorism between 2006 and 2011.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Uribes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: I\u2019m quiet\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He had also been at the tribute to your sister at the Lasarte town hall that year 2010.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Uribes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: I am muted.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When we talked, he was Ambassador to UNESCO in Paris, so we spoke via Zoom. The sound was not perfect.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Uribes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Better?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Isabel<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Better.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Uribes remembered your sister\u2019s case well.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He told me he learned about the case from Txema Urkijo and Maixabel Lasa, his counterparts at the Basque Government Victims Office.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Uribes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: We began to realize there was an earlier unresolved case.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He called your sister\u2019s case \u201can unresolved earlier case.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Uribes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Indeed, we saw there was a gap there and that case hadn\u2019t been recognized.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He also told me he was so interested in your sister\u2019s story that he even investigated on his own:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Uribes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: I started investigating in the Ministry and there were some police reports from during Franco\u2019s time or later, which pointed out that it wasn\u2019t ETA, that it couldn\u2019t have been ETA materially, because ETA in 1960 wasn\u2019t properly constituted as an organization yet.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So, Uribes, Rubalcaba\u2019s right hand, the Interior Minister from the PSOE party that was in power when the Day of Victims was instituted, was clear even then that ETA hadn\u2019t killed your sister?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Uribes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Let\u2019s see. There weren\u2019t absolute certainties about who was responsible. What there was more certainty about was that it wasn\u2019t ETA. From the beginning, from the Ministry of Interior, we had that clear.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Then, I asked Uribes what he thought when he heard the President of Congress announce the chosen date?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Uribes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: I don\u2019t know where I was, I remember\u2026 Maybe in my office, on the radio, whatever. And I said, \u201cBut why are they repeating what some people say if it\u2019s not proven?\u201d You know? It struck me. But I thought he repeated it because that\u2019s what was being said in the media and\u2026 And that\u2019s it, I didn\u2019t think much more\u2026 It made me angry. I tell you because I said, \u201cWe are here affirming things that have no basis\u2026\u201d And Alfredo P\u00e9rez Rubalcaba was surprised too. Actually, we were both surprised. We were together when we heard it.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When I heard this, I thought again about those three months between the announcement in Congress and the Day of Victims. And I asked if during those three months they said anything, if they warned.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>[Music]<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Uribes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: We warned the Congress of Deputies when we heard that the President had said it was indeed the first terrorist attack, meaning the date was still valid, and in fact, June 27 continues to be commemorated. But we said, \u201cLet\u2019s not add that it was ETA, because there\u2019s no evidence, quite the opposite.\u201d I think if you look at government statements from that time, there won\u2019t be any saying that it was ETA. The other thing is that nobody officially denied what was being said\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And that\u2019s what I told them exactly: well, but it wasn\u2019t denied.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Uribes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Maybe we didn\u2019t do it as effectively as we should have. But I think at that time, we weren\u2019t very keen on stirring controversy, given the mother was involved, you know? It was kind of\u2026 It was a bit harsh, you know? To go out and say, \u201cNo, it wasn\u2019t ETA, it was this or that,\u201d you know? The whole context was like that.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The context. Uribes talked a lot about the context.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Uribes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Remember, those were the years of ETA\u2019s last gasps. Also, of an effort by the Spanish Government and the Basque Government to reach an agreement to end terrorism. So, I think in that context, in that breeding ground for the end of ETA\u2014which hadn\u2019t happened yet but could happen\u2014there was still talk about ETA.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And think that it was this context that allowed the idea to spread that your sister had been a victim of ETA. The first victim of ETA.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Uribes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The case of Bego\u00f1a Urroz, when it came up, was said again to be ETA, right? Also, on March 11 there was an attempt to attribute it to ETA, remember that. So, that context of political polarization, of\u2026 Now you would call it fake news or\u2026 I think it starts from an original mistake. I think the book Vidas rotas also plays a role in that&#8230; And an idea that spreads like wildfire in those circles and keeps getting repeated.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And there was, once again, Vidas rotas. The book from which Duva took your sister\u2019s story. And now Uribes says that, for him, it was also part of that polarized context.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Uribes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vidas rotas<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> was a book rushed out in 2010, like, a thousand pages trying to say \u201cLook at this horror.\u201d And it\u2019s true that ETA\u2019s actions were horrific, but they added things saying \u201cWell, wait, no\u2026\u201d It made me really angry because, listen, that\u2019s not right\u2026 And we cross-checked the data we had, and, well, \u201cWhy do they count wounded as dead? That can\u2019t be.\u201d I\u2019ll be clear: neither Minister P\u00e9rez Rubalcaba nor I presented the book because it had errors, including the Bego\u00f1a Urroz case.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Despite chatting on Zoom and Uribes being quite busy, we ended up talking for several hours: Uribes has thought a lot about terrorism victims and likes to talk about it, you can tell. That\u2019s why I think he understood so much my wanting to know what happened with your sister\u2019s memory.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Uribes: Well, there\u2019s also a part that has to do with caring for victims, right? Victims of Francoism also say, \u201cWe want the truth. The most important thing is: truth.\u201d And I think, in honor of the truth, you have to tell the truth. It took a long time, well\u2026 But, well, Isabel, you know, there are many elements, many things at once\u2026 What I remember is that indeed many people started saying it was ETA, and surely many in good faith&#8230; People didn\u2019t even question it. And some people sometimes use that for ugly political interests, you know? Nothing dignified. But in the middle are always the families, and they have to hear those things and so there\u2019s damage that isn\u2019t considered&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>[Music]<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And that brings us to June 27, 2010, at the Congress. The first time the Day of Victims of Terrorism was celebrated.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Six months had passed since<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Vidas rotas<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> was published. Five since the El Pa\u00eds report. Three months since the announcement in Congress. Many months but, still\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>[Music and Congress ambiance]<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Bono<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: With your permission, sir. Majesties. Associations and Foundations of Victims of Terrorism. Members of Parliament. Authorities. Mayor of the capital. Lehendakari of the Basque Government. Ladies and gentlemen.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And in the middle, there was a family that, despite the noise, remained silent.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Bego<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: I also remember they told us to go to Madrid. We said no, we didn\u2019t want to go. Because after so many years of silence, suddenly appearing and telling the story is very hard&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Bono<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Today, sir, is not just any day. The deputies have unanimously decided that June 27 be remembered in the history of Spain\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Bego<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: You can\u2019t just erase those years of absolute silence with a stroke and say, \u201cOkay, now I\u2019m going to Madrid.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Bono<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: A day like today, 50 years ago\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Bego<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: So many years keeping quiet\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Bono<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: ETA killed an innocent 22-month-old girl.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Bego<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: And you can\u2019t suddenly say, \u201cOkay, now I\u2019m going to tell everything and here I am, I\u2019ve gotten over it.\u201d No.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Bono<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: She would be 52 years old today.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Bego<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The pain is still there. The silence is still there.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Bono<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: In the calendar of our hearts, the death of little Bego\u00f1a Urroz was just yesterday, and that is why we remember it.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Bego<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: No, no\u2026 We couldn\u2019t do it.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After the Day of Victims, your sister was awarded the Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Civil Recognition for Victims of Terrorism, a plaque was placed at Amara station, she received the Gold Medal of San Sebasti\u00e1n&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Bego<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Another medal. Then everything was, well, you see, all medals, right?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But why did this recognition come suddenly after so many decades of silence? That\u2019s what you and Juanlu wondered in your kitchen when I brought you the information heard in this episode.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Juanlu<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Of course, at that time the PSOE was in Parliament, I mean, in Congress there was PSOE, Bono was there, the president of Congress, and then&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Bego<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: It\u2019s like talking to him\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Isa<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Do you want me to talk to him?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Juanlu<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: You can talk, but he\u2019s going to\u2026 Well, but\u2026 Yes, you can talk.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Isabel<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The family wants to know\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Juanlu<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Because it\u2019s \u201cWhy?\u201d, why, right? To see if they didn\u2019t have enough information to say it wasn\u2019t ETA. To their face, so they tell me \u201cLook, we did it because of this and that.\u201d I want to know the truth, the real truth, which they will never reveal, which they can tell.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Bego<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: No, they won\u2019t tell you.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So I had no choice but to do one thing&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Isabel<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Yes, I have his assistant\u2019s number, but I don\u2019t know if he\u2019ll want to talk to me.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Aizpeolea<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Maybe he doesn\u2019t want to, but&#8230; But try it, yes. If he doesn\u2019t want to, say he didn\u2019t want to talk.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Isabel<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Of course, of course. No, I have&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Aizpeolea<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Well, tell him&#8230; Tell him if people didn\u2019t warn him, if some told him he was wrong.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Uribes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: I think he said it because he had read it 80 times and repeated it. He didn\u2019t do more, but well, if you could talk to him, ask him.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That, in the next episode, Sunday, June 15.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thank you for listening to She Was Called Like Me. If you are enjoying this story, help us reach more people. Recommend it to your friends, family, coworkers, or whoever you want. If you\u2019re curious to know more, on our website you have access to much more information about these episodes: photos from the time, documents, and many more things at deesonosehabla.com, and in the \u201cExtra Materials\u201d section of each episode. You can also subscribe to our channels on any audio platform and even leave us a rating. Thank you very much for listening. See you next week.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][divider line_type=&#8221;Full Width Line&#8221; line_thickness=&#8221;1&#8243; divider_color=&#8221;extra-color-1&#8243; divider_opacity=&#8221;41&#8243; animate=&#8221;yes&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"excerpt","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8167,"parent":8060,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"episode_type":"","audio_file":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","filesize_raw":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8259","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Transcript &quot;She Had My Name. 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